Journal of Pathobiology Reaearch
Volume:21 Issue: 1, 2018

Aims: Environmental pollution and exposure to toxic metals such as lead can induce to chronic and malignant diseases and has considerable complications including carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to compare the protective effect of clove essential oil and vitamin C on the toxicity of lead accumulation in quail eggs.
The current clinical trial study was performed on 360 quail chicks in a poultry farm of the Veterinary Medicine faculty of Shahrekord University in 2016. Quails were randomly divided into 6 groups with different diets. After intervention, at the age of 42 days, 5 eggs were gathered from each group. An Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used to determine the tissue accumulation of lead in quail eggs. To measure the amount of lipid oxidation, TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) test and Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test by GraphPad Prism 5 software.
Findings: The mean of lead accumulation in quail eggs in the group receiving lead and clove essential oil was significantly lower than those receiving lead (p The use of clove essential oil in quail diet has a more protective effect than vitamin C on the toxicity of lead accumulation in quail eggs.

Aims: Expression and purification of recombinant Urate oxidase as well as other pharmaceutical proteins are a costly process. The use of non-chromatographic methods in the purification process can reduce production costs. So, the aim of this study was cloning, expression, and purification of recombinant urate oxidase, using intein sequence and elastin-like protein (ELP).
In the present experimental research, the synthetic urate oxidase gene was cloned in downstream of ELP–Intein in an expression plasmid. After cultivating bacteria containing urate oxidase expression plasmid, the soluble fraction of cell lysate was separated from insoluble portion, using centrifugation. The recombinant urate oxidase was precipitated by adding salt and incubation at 37°C. The resulting precipitant was resuspended in cleavage buffer and the urate oxidase was separated from ELP through Intein moiety. Adding salt for the second time and incubation at 37°C resulted in separation of urate oxidase from fusion partner. After expressing and purifying the urate oxidase, purity and biological activity of recombinant urate oxidase were compared to standard drug.
Findings: The recombinant urate oxidase was expressed and purified using ELP and Intein tags as fusions partners. The rescombinant enzyme showed a purity of %90 equal to 1.89 mg.ml-1 based on protein concentration and 1.64 mg.ml-1 based on activity.
Using Intein sequence and Elastin-like protein, together with the Urate Oxidase enzyme helps to express and purify the enzyme without need for a chromatographic method.

Aims: Vaccination is the only approach to prevent hepatitis B virus infection, But some people do not get a good immune response to the commercial hepatitis B vaccine. The purpose of the present study was to compare the immunization of Iran's Hepatitis B vaccine, vaccine formulated in montanide ISA 720 adjuvant and Fendrix vaccine from GSK company on the Balb/c mice.
In this experimental study, 54 female inbred Balb/c mice were injected in three different formulations of vaccine subcutaneously with two-week intervals. Quantitative amount of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-2 cytokines and the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio from spleen cell culture Supernatant and the anti-HBs Ag antibody level After each injection withBlood sampling were evaluated by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by Graphpad prism 6.1 software via one way analysis of variance.
Findings: The vaccine recipient groups did not show significant differences in IFN-γ, IL-2 cytokines and IFN-γ/ IL-4 ratio (p>0.05). Iranian commercial vaccine significantly increased the cytokine IL-4 in comparison with the Fendrix and HBs-MON720 groups (p0.05).
Cytokine responses in The Fendrix vaccine and HBs-MON720 vaccine are partly similar to the Iran's Hepatitis B vaccine but after two injections, Fendrix and HBs-MON720 vaccine showed a higher antibody response.

Aims: Exercise activity and the use of herbal supplements are effective in regulating vascular contraction by influencing on angiogenesis factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeine and genistein supplement on cardiac levels of nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in wistar rats, following an acute swimming exercise.
In this experimental study, 49 male Wistar 8-10-week rats were randomly divided into 7 groups of control, saline, acute exercise, caffeine, genistein, acute swimming exercise plus caffeine, and acute swimming exercises plus genistein (7 rats in each group). Acute exercise included 90 minutes swimming. Dietary supplement groups, taked the caffeine at a rate of 5mg/kg of body weight by gavage and Genistein in the amount of 100mg/kg of body weight by intra peritoneal injection. Two hours after the end of the training session, the levels of NO and VEGF were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA.
Findings: 90 minutes swimming exercise caused a significant increase in cardiac levels of NO and VEGF in acute exercise, acute exercise plus caffeine, acute exercise plus genistein in comparison to the control and saline groups (p=0.01), while supplementation of caffeine or genistein alone did not significantly increase the levels of cardiac level of these factors compared to control and saline groups.
The supplementation of caffeine and genistein increases the levels of NO and VEGF of the heart tissue of rats following an acute swimming session.

Aim: Zinc oxide nanoparticles are known as important metal oxide nanoparticles and are used in many medical and biological fields, but concerns are rising due to their potential effects on some organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on renal angiotensin-II and angiotensin type 1 receptor levels in administered Rats with Nano Zinc Oxide.
In this experimental research, 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, salin, nano zinc oxide, exercise and exercise plus nano zinc oxide groups. Zinc nitric oxide (1mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, 5 days a week into exercise and exercise plus nano zinc oxide groups. The exercise program consisted of progressive running on a treadmill (5 sessions per week for 4 weeks). Two days after the last application, the rats were euthanized. The kidney tissue is separated and angiotensin-II and angiotensin type 1 receptor were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.
Findings: After 4 weeks of chronic treatment with nano zinc oxide, the levels of angiotensin-II and angiotensin type 1 were significantly increased. Exercise significantly reduced renal angiotensin II and angiotensin type 1 levels. However, these variable levels in exercise plus nano zinc oxide group still were significantly higher than control group (p Aerobic exercise reduces renal angiotensin II and angiotensin type 1 levels in Administered Rats with nano zinc oxide.

Aims: Exosomes are considered as a protective and enriched source of shuttle microRNAs. However, the precise biological mechanism of exosomal microRNAs in recipient cells remains to be further clarified. The aim of this study waz to investigate Expression level of miR-9 in exosomes derived from ovarian epithelial carcinoma cells and the effects of exosome treatment on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor )VEGF( expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Material and Exosomes were purified from the conditioned medium of ovarian epithelial carcinoma cells. Exosome size and morphology were examined by a scanning electron microscope. Purified exosomes were labeled with PKH26 red fluorescent labeling kit, then labeled exosomes were incubated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) for 12h at 37°C, and the cellular uptake was monitored using an inverted fluorescence microscope. Expression levels of miR-9 and VEGF were measured by real-time PCR. Paired t-test was used for data analysis.
Findings: The purified MSCs-derived exosomes had a spherical shape with a diameter between 50 to 100nm. PKH26-labeled exosomes can be taken up by SKOV3 tumor cells with high efficiency. The expression levels of miR-9 in both ovarian tumor cells and their exosomes. Exosomes derived from ovarian tumor cells caused increased expression of VEGF in exosome-treated endothelial cells.
Exosomes derived from ovarian tumor cells led to increased expression of VEGF in endothelial cells. As miR-9 was enriched in both ovarian tumor cells and their exosomes, it seems that exosomal transfer of miR-9 may affect the expression of VEGF in endothelial cells during tumor angiogenesis.

Cartilage is a tissue without vessel and lymph in body. If it has a massive defect, it cannot regenerate and reconstruct itself. In this society, cartilage diseases such as osteoarthritis and cartilage defects have increased. Its defects can disrupt the daily function of the patient and can be accompanied by pain due to bone wear. Common methods used to treat cartilage defects, which are considered invasive with low efficacy, include autologous chondrocytes, microfracture, bone marrow stimulation, and debridement. Current treatments are not definitive methods, which is why the use of stem cells and cartilage tissue engineering has been turned on. In the current review, the types of stem cells used in cartilage therapy and cartilage tissue engineering were investigated. Then, cellular signaling factors such as growth factors, mechanical and environmental factors were mentioned and referred to scaffolds based on the biomaterials used to engineer high-efficiency stem cells for the reconstruction of cartilage tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the use of stem cells in cartilage tissue regeneration and engineering.
The role of stem cells in regeneration of cartilage has been properly proven, but the mechanism and method of creating this regeneration has not yet been determined. Mesenchymal cells have the highest safety in cell therapy in cartilage, and these types of cells have the most clinical usage. In Iran, cell therapy is performed clinically for patients, but cartilage tissue engineering has not yet reached the clinical stage.